"Double Carbon" is coming, how to deal with it?
First of all, be clear，"Double Carbon" "Carbon" is an artificial emissions or artificial carbon。In the category of climate change，"Carbon" represents both carbon dioxide，also indicates "greenhouse gas"，When indicating the amount of gas emissions of greenhouse，The greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide is used as 1 and converts the greenhouse gas on the benchmark，Its emissions unit is "carbon dioxide volume" or "carbon proper amount"。The first definition of the "United Nations Climate Change Framework Convention" is clear，"Climate Change" refers，Climate change caused by direct or indirect human activities changed the composition of the earth's atmosphere。Professional report based on the Special Committee (IPCC) of the Intergovernmental Climate Change，"Carbon Neutralization" refers to the cancellation of carbon dioxide removal with carbon dioxide emissions during the prescribed period，Realized net zero emissions of carbon dioxide。It can be seen that the impact of "human activity" and "artificial" should be solved by seeing climate change。Mad well -known，When people burn coal、Petroleum、Natural gas and other fossil energy will generate a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions。Since the Industrial Revolution，Human beings have accumulated a large amount of carbon dioxide gas gas，The global average annual atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is 278 ppm before industrialization (1ppm is one millionth)，Up to 2019 to 410ppm。
Followed to be clear，Significant reduction of carbon dioxide emissions is the last word。People can increase carbon dioxide directly from the air from the air through tree planting forests, and to bury them from being discharged from the atmospheric medium carbon remittance measures comparison with carbon dioxide emissions，Only about 10%in our country，To achieve carbon neutralization，Large reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is the last word，Only the amount of carbon exchange measures can be removed with a small amount of carbon dioxide emitted。Visible，Wind power、photovoltaic、Nuclear energy、Hydropower and other non -stone energy power generation，Although not directly removed carbon，But the function and effect of its carbon reduction can be displayed by reducing carbon emissions by replacing stone energy sources。
Depending on，Control measures for carbon dioxide should be based on a scientific basis。Theoretically speaking，The impact of conventional pollutants such as sulfur dioxide on environmental quality and the location of the emission source、Eat emission method、The duration of emissions has a direct relationship，Therefore, it must be governed or under the premise of satisfying the environmental quality; the carbon dioxide discharge source is、What method to emit the impact of the impact of global climate change is basically the same。This feature，Make the control of carbon dioxide emissions ultimately reflected in the decrease of the total amount，Total amount of nature determines that energy (such as global energy Internet) can be configured in a larger space to reduce carbon emissions，and the promotion of carbon emissions transactions across the country and even worldwide。Due to the main body of greenhouse gas control is a country (region) or enterprise、Individual，and can contribute to the carbon reduction by changing the lifestyle of people，So when the carbon dioxide emissions of one subject or a certain product is calculated，Consider space boundary、Asset boundary、Management Border、Direct emissions (burning fossil fuel emissions or industrial processes emissions, etc.)、indirect emission (indirect carbon emissions in the intermediate products consumed during production or service)、Impact factors such as carbon emissions transactions，and an authoritative science accounting method is to do a good job of the "double carbon" work。Further talk，Carbon dioxide although it is the main and representative substance of human emission greenhouse gas，But methane、oxide nitrogen、hydrogen fluoride carbides、whole fluoride、Six -nitrous sulfur nitride、Greenhouse gas such as trifluorosine nitrogen is also a greenhouse gas that is restricted by the international convention of climate change。So，Definition of IPCC，In addition to "carbon neutral", there are concepts such as "greenhouse gas neutralization" and "climate neutral"。
According to the list of greenhouse gas emissions submitted to the United Nations in 2014，Carbon dioxide emissions in energy activity account for about 72%and 87%of greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emissions of all economic activities，Visible energy activity is the weight of carbon emissions。Preliminary analysis，Carbon dioxide emissions of energy activities in 2020 are about 9.9 billion tons，More than 85%of the total carbon emissions，Carbon dioxide emissions in the power industry account for about 42%of the total carbon emissions，Industry、Architecture、Traffic、Other aspects each account for 30%、15%、12%、1%。It can be seen from this，Carbon dioxide emissions in the power industry account for the largest proportion，To solve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions，Development of low -carbon power to reduce the use of fossil energy is a decisive measure to achieve carbon neutrality，Also the key。
my country's energy consumption has always been mainly coal，Although the proportion continues to decline，But the consumption of coal in 2020 still accounts for 56.8%，Natural Gas、Hydropower、nuclear power、The consumption ratio of clean energy such as wind power is constantly increasing，The current proportion reaches 24.3%。Another，my country's oil dependence has reached about 75%，Natural gas depends on the degree of foreign dependence has reached about 43%。The proportion of primary energy converted into electrical energy，The proportion of coal for power generation coal，Stake Sports BettingThe proportion of electric energy consumption in terminal energy consumption，These three indicators are positive indicators，It is constantly raising in my country，It can be said that the potential is still great。From the perspective of history and reality，More than 90%of coal in developed countries is used for power generation，my country's proportion is 55%。Of course，There are still many use in the use of coal in my country，It is not just for energy，can also be used as raw materials, etc.。Electric energy occupies terminal energy consumption proportion，my country has reached about 26%，This indicator is basically the same as developed countries，even higher than the proportion of developed countries。Of course, the proportion of our clean energy consumption is increasing。Another important fact is，Terminal energy consumption of developed countries，The proportion of natural gas is high，It is almost 20 percentage points higher than our country，We are about 6%of natural gas consumption now，This is also one of the reasons why our terminal energy accounts for a high proportion of electricity。
On the other hand，my country's development in the field of new energy power generation has been greatly effective。Starting from 2005 and 2010，my country vigorously develops wind power and solar power power。By the end of 2020，National power generation installed capacity reached 2.2 billion kilowatts，Among them, the coal power is 1.08 billion kilowatts、Hydropower 370 million kilowatts、Nuclear Power 0 50 million kilowatts，The proportion of the capacity of the coal power installed capacity and the power generation decreased by 18 and 15 percentage points respectively。By the end of October 2021，Cumulative installed capacity of renewable energy power generation has reached 1.02 billion kilowatts，Different from the end of 2015，The proportion of the capacity of the national power generation installed capacity reached 43.5%，increased by 10.2 percentage points from the end of 2015。The wind power、Solar power generation and biomass power generation installed capacity reached 299 million kilowatts, respectively、282 billion kilowatts and 35.34 million kilowatts，All continue to maintain the world's first。
The stake online casino19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that my country will build a rich, democratic, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modern power country by 2050，Among them, the connotation of "beautiful" must contain the standard of carbon，It can also be said that a high -carbon or even medium -carbon country will not become a "socialist modern power country"。So，The development of China must be after the carbon emission reached its peak by 2030，from high carbon to mid -carbon、Dumping to low carbon，After realizing a modern power country，Realizing carbon neutralization in 10 years to 2060，After further development to form a negative carbon society。This process characterized by carbon reduction and the construction of the "economic system for green low -carbon circulation development" and "clean low carbon proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China、A safe and efficient energy system "is a vein，It can also be said to be a multi -faceted expression，New commitments about carbon and carbon and carbon neutral，further clarified the process and degree of low carbon in China，It is the deepening and implementation of the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China。
General Secretary Xi Jinping repeatedly emphasized，Coping climate change is not someone else to do，but we have to do it ourselves，For carbon neutral and this century problem，With the wisdom of all mankind and the actual situation of China，It is difficult to make a 100 % affirmation judgment on China's carbon neutralization after 40 years。In fact，No matter what country in the world has made a promise，In essence, it is conditional and certain uncertainty。Regardless of subjective or from history，China will do my best、I am more willing to advance instead of delaying carbon neutrality。From the world's perspective，Sustainable development in the world、Green Development、Low -carbon development has formed a consensus，With the requirements of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Paris Agreement and other requirements, as well as research on IPCC and other institutions，Realizing carbon neutrality as soon as possible will become a conscious action of most countries。
How do you view the new power system that has received much attention?
Electric Power as a "pioneer" as the economic and social development，Construction of a new power system with new energy as the main body，The implementation path of the goal of "double carbon" has the consistency in the direction。Where，The development and utilization of new energy power generation technology，Is promoted、Guidance、Basic motivation to achieve the "double carbon" goal，It is also an important support for realizing economic green recovery and international and domestic "dual -cycle" strategies。So，The construction pace of the new power system is roughly synchronized with the energy transformation of the "double carbon" goal and should be appropriate and advanced.。
my country's power system has gone through the end of the 19th century、In the early 20th century, decentralized、Small capacity、Low voltage、The first -generation power system mainly used for small systems，and at the end of the 20th century with large units、Large power plant、Large system、High voltage、The second -generation power system with high information is the main feature; evolved to this day -the main target of optimizing the power structure，Perial grid mode、Intelligent control operation characteristics，The third -generation power system with higher power reliability and lower safety risks is the ascendant。
Many views are discussing now，Is the reliability of the new power system still necessary to delay the indicator of the previous power system。Treating this kind of discussion，Most of them are out of the number of quantities、Small scale、Individual of new energy crew with Stake Sports Bettingstrong randomness，Worries that bring pressure to the grid metering mode。But in my opinion，The new power system should be combined with multiple power structures，Blood grid combined with microcontrollers，Intelligent grid control and intelligent power system coordinated power system。This feature，It is precisely the problem of solving the reliability of the system，and science、Classification of the basic feature of the new generation of power system that improves power supply reliability。
But what cannot be ignored is，Energy Transformation，Especially low carbonization transformation in the energy power field，Not low -carbon、Zero -carbon power generation resources are simply replaced by overnight -the construction of new power system，Not only the change of power production method。The power industry realizes the leap from high carbon path dependencies to negative carbon technology providers，At least it involves user characteristics、Electric power enterprise attribute、Power system forms and power system mechanisms, etc.。
First，Compared to the traditional power system，From "Yuan Sui Dao" to "Yuanhe Interaction"，It will become one of the main features of the new power system。In the traditional power system，Maintenance of the momentary balance and stability of the power system power (involved voltage、frequency、Gong angle and other parameters) is the power system plan、Design、Basic tasks running。For this，The logic of the traditional power system running is that the power supply side changes at any time according to the changes in the load side，And these changes are basically regulated by the power grid。
In a new power system with new energy as the main body，A large number of decentralized power supply based on the characteristics of new energy power generation，Obviously it is impossible to adapt to the basic requirements of "source with the lotus"，and under extreme circumstances，Wind、Optical Power Generation also has the characteristics of anti -adjustment。At the same time，As more electrical energy is connected to the distribution network from distributed power generation，from distributed power and related energy storage、Regulatory、Micro grids and active distribution networks composed of protective facilities gradually increase。So it is not difficult to see，"Source" and "Lotus" at this time，It is no longer the "hair" and "use" -source、The change of the characteristics of the dumps and the blur on the boundary，and interactive fusion of all aspects of the original power system，It will greatly increase the difficulty of the safe and stable operation of the power grid。
There is no doubt that it is，To ensure the safety of the power system，Not only need to improve the accuracy of the forecast as much as possible on the "source" side and strengthen the adjustment performance; at the same time on the "lotus" side，It should also improve the regulatory ability or demand response ability。other，"Source" and "Lotus" must strengthen collaborative interaction -in the new power system，To adapt to different regions、The characteristics of different "sources" and "lotus" and the characteristics of the power grid，Need a variety of flexible methods on the network side in different forms、Deployment of the source side and the lotus side。That time，Used with flexible resources represented by multiple forms of energy storage，plus expansion of the scale of distributed power supply，Traditional one -way electrical configuration mode will be transformed into two -way、Multi -directional electrical configuration mode，8804_8829。
other，While the constituent elements of the system change，Traditional power management、The operating mechanism will also change with this。From a physical form,，New power system "send、Lost、Patching、Storage、Use the functional adjustment and value embodiment of equipment such as "use"，will be based on power flow、Information flow、The value stream is redistributed，From this promoting energy、Economy、Comprehensive transformation of society。To achieve this goal，Deepening the reform of the power system will be leading、Key，Even a decisive role。
In fact，my country's power system reform has never stagnated，The phased results achieved by the current reform，It has laid a good foundation for institutional mechanisms for the construction of a new power system。but，The current reform path is still the continuation of the thinking of the formation before 2015，The spirit of reform and actual situation at that time，There is a lot of gaps with the realization of the realization of the "double carbon" goal at the moment。
The construction of the new power system involves law、Plan、Policy、Standard、Technology、Market、specification、Talent, etc.、Changes in the overallness。On the one hand，Requires the industry to understand the goal of the reform of the power system，Accelerate the establishment of a mechanism for the safe and stable operation of the power system after the large -scale new energy sources is connected to the network，Create the value transmission mechanism of supportable social fair transformation; on the other hand,，It also requires the timely play of the government and the effective implementation of policies，Ensure and establish a market environment and stable policy expectations for the booming business model，Make a lot of support technology、Standards quickly and effectively replace the connection。
The most important thing is，The energy power industry needs to re -consider the role and attribute of the grid subject in the new power system，So that the power grid plays a greater role under the effective supervision of the government。Only the government、Policy、The common force of the market and enterprise，can be built with "send、Lost、Patching、Storage、Use "highly coupling physical power system，and then derived the scientificization that is compatible with it、institutionalization、Standardized、Modernized new management system。
Clean low -carbon safe and efficient energy system, how to face it?
Whether it is the report of the stake online casino19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China or the "14th Five -Year Plan" plan，A series of important documents all reflect the four keywords of "cleaning", "low carbon", "safety", "high efficiency"，This has become the fundamental requirement of energy development in the new era of my country。
"Cleaning", "Low Carbon", "Safe", "High -efficiency" has a distinctive characteristics of the era，Must be deeply understood with the times。
"Cleaning" is the basic requirement for energy development。The report of the stake online casino19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to "strengthen energy conservation and environmental protection industry、Clean production industry、Clean Energy Industry ";" Clean Production Promotion Law (Amended in 2012) "proposed，Clean production in this law，refers to cutting pollution from the source，Improve the efficiency of resource utilization，Reduce or avoid production、The generation and emissions of pollutants during service and product use，to reduce or eliminate the harm to human health and environment。The "cleaning" mentioned here is the deserved meaning of energy clean development。
"Low -carbon" is the basic constraint of energy development。With a large amount of mining resources of fossil energy, the large amount of mining resources gradually died，At the same time，During the production of fossil energy production, carbon dioxide has increased on climate change and has become increasingly increasing.，and renewable energy use new technologies continuously improve，The pace of new energy replacement stone energy accelerates，Reducing carbon dioxide emissions of energy gradually become a rigid constraint for energy development。
"Safe" is the basic task of energy development。Energy security is the cornerstone of national security，For the prosperity of the country、improvement of people's life、Social long -term security is important，No energy security，Energy other elements development cannot talk about。Energy security in a broad sense contains the reliable energy、Economy、Fair supply and cleaning、Low -carbon development requirements, etc.。Constructing the "security" in the energy system mainly refers to the stable supply of energy and major risk prevention。On the one hand，To make full use of international resources and international markets，Improve energy supply security and guarantee capabilities。On the other hand，Facing the new development of the international situation、New situation of energy development、New features of low -carbon transformation，To keep the bottom line of energy security，Adhere to the supply of energy diversification，Prevention of energy operation risk。
"Efficient" is the test gold stone for testing the comprehensive development of energy。my country's economy has shifted from a high -speed growth stage to a high -quality development stage。In the transformation method、Optimized economic structure、Phase of conversion growth momentum，Must adhere to quality first、Benefit first。High -efficiency obviously refers to energy "efficiency"，Low -cost energy supply and low -level energy consumption to support the need for improvement of the national economy and people's lives，Get the best energy input and output effect。So，Save priority is to promote quality change、Efficiency change、Power change，Improve the full factor productivity，The inevitable requirement for improving energy development of energy。
"Clean", "Low Carbon", "Safe", "High -efficiency"，It looks like four directions, east, west, and south，Jointly established the basic structure of the modern energy system。These four dimensions and international "environment、Economy、Safe "Energy Triangle is the same workers，Look from our country's national conditions，The four -dimensional system is more in line with the objective needs of energy development in the new era of my country。
After years of hard work，my country has formed coal、Oil、Qi、Multi -wheel drive energy production system for renewable energy，Energy foundation guarantee effect is significantly enhanced; the overall energy consumption shows a stable growth trend，Continuous improvement of energy conditions and levels。Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，In the "Four Revolution、A new strategy of energy security strategy，my country's energy structural adjustment adjustment rapid advance，Energy consumption quality has steadily improved，To the end of the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" at the end of the "13th Five -Year Plan", the total proportion of coal consumption consumption consumption has a historic rate of 56.8%，The proportion of non -fossil energy consumption increased to 15.9%。Energy structure adjustment has made important contributions to the construction of ecological civilization，It also laid a solid foundation for achieving the "double carbon" goal。We should also see，With my country's economic development entering the new normal，Energy Development has also entered a new stage，Traditional energy production capacity structural excess problems are still more prominent，Energy cleaning alternative task is more difficult，Energy -saving consumption reduction is faced with greater pressure，The problem of energy security is still severe，Energy transformation and change is far away。
Since 2021，Affected by some contradictions accumulated for many years and the international economic and energy situation，Coal shortage has occurred in my country's energy supply、Coal prices rose sharply on a large range、The severe situation of the tight power supply in the local area，Alarm clock for energy security。The Central Economic Working Association was held in early December 2021，It is clearly proposed to correctly understand and grasp the carbon peak carbon neutralization。On the one hand,，Realizing carbon peak carbon neutrality is the inherent requirements to promote high -quality development，We must keep it unswervingly，But it is impossible to complete its work in one battle。
Promoting energy green and low -carbon development, we must achieve three overall plans.
First, coordinate Stake Sports Bettingand strengthen energy saving、Improve energy efficiency and carbon reduction。Energy -saving、Efficiency、Carbon reduction is an important force point for high -quality economic development，To implement specific goals such as GDP carbon dioxide emissions in 2030, more than 65%in 2005，We must reform and improve energy consumption、Carbon emissions intensity and total amount control。The Central Economic Work Conference is proposed，Added renewable energy and raw materials for not incorporating the total energy consumption control，Creative conditions realize the "dual control" of energy consumption "dual control" to the total amount of carbon emissions and intensity "dual control" transformation，Accelerate the incentive and restraint mechanism for forming carbon reduction，Prevent simple layer of decomposition。This fully illustrates energy -saving and improves energy effects to adapt to the stage of high -quality development in my country，Pay more attention to benefits and low -carbon;、Perfective combination of efficiency and carbon reduction，and gradually transition the energy conservation policy to the guidance of the carbon reduction policy，It is necessary to arrange through a scientific rigorous system，Do a good job of coordinating in system thinking and a game of chess nationwide。
Second, the high -quality development of non -chemical and fossil energy is coordinated。Around 2030 non -fossil energy accounted for about 25%of energy consumption、Wind power solar power generation installation capacity reaches 1.2 billion kilowatts and other specific goals，"Opinions" and "Plan" both require strict control of fossil energy consumption，Actively develop non -stone energy。To accelerate the promotion of coal cleaning and utilization and transformation alternative，Accelerate the upgrading and flexibility transformation of active coal -electric units; oil consumption to the "15th Five -Year Plan" to enter the peak platform period，Accelerate the promotion of shale gas、Coalbed methane、Large -scale development of dense oil and gas resources; adhere to centralized and distributed and develop wind energy solar energy，Understanding of water energy according to local conditions，Positive and safe and orderly development nuclear energy，Reasonable use of biomass energy; promote the development of multi -energy complementation and "source network lotus storage"，Promote the development of full chain of hydrogen energy "storage and diversion"，Actively build a new type of power system。During the transformation alternative process，To gradually withdraw from the traditional energy sources proposed by the Central Economic Work Conference, it should be based on the safe and reliable alternative of new energy.。The basic national conditions that are based on coal -based，Grasp coal clean and efficient use，Increase new energy consumption ability，Promote the combination of coal and new energy optimization。
The above requires the system to complete the goal of the carbon peak with the recent and medium -term energy development measures，Clarified the fossil energy and non -chemical energy、The relationship between the development of diversified and low -carbon development of new energy and other energy sources，The development direction of the energy system and the construction of a new type of power system。
Third is to make full use of the role of the government and the market。"Opinions" focuses on improving the unified energy market and the modernization of the energy governance capacity and the modernization of the governance system，Proposal to deepen the reform of the energy system and mechanism，Promote electricity、Coal、Reform of oil and gas marketization。Promoting the reform of the power grid system，Clarify the incremental distribution network、Market -oriented positions of micro -grid and distributed power supply; accelerate the formation of new power installation development mechanisms supported by energy storage and peak adjustment capabilities。"Plan" proposes to improve the green electricity price policy，Establish a sound marketization mechanism，Coordinating the right to promote carbon emissions、Use energy right、Electricity trading and other market construction; proposed the role of the government，Under the premise of reasonable scientific control，Establish and improve various system supporting and supervision work。my country's achievement of "double carbon" goals is difficult、Mission weight，Must play institutional advantages，Coordinating the role of the government and the market。
To sum up，"Double Carbon" goal is the need for sustainable development in my country and the need to build a community of human destiny，It is also a profound and comprehensive social change。Energy low -carbon transformation is the key to achieving the "double carbon" goal，The new power system that builds new energy as the main body is a bridge that leads to the "double carbon" target。Build a modern energy system，Realize the "double carbon" target，We must unswervingly implement the new development concept，Adhere to the concept of system，Treatment of development and emission reduction、Overall and local、Short and medium -term relationships。To strengthen risk prevention and control，Ensure safely carbon reduction。There are many varieties of the energy system itself、The system is complex、Tight supply and demand，Promote energy green low carbon transformation，Must be a good power、Coal、Petroleum and natural gas、New Energy、Different positioning of energy storage, etc. in different periods。Unbalanced distribution of energy resources in my country、Large development differences in various regions，It is necessary to coordinate the distribution characteristics of new energy resources nationwide，Optimized energy resource allocation，overcome new energy randomness、Disadvantages such as volatility。At the same time，To make a coordinated microcyt from、distributed energy system and the role of large grid，Common maintenance of power system security，Guarantee the "double stake.com casino reviewcarbon" goal smoothly。
October 21, 2021，General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed when inspecting the victory oil field，Energy's rice bowl must be brought in your own hands。Facing new changes in the energy supply and demand pattern、New trend of international energy development，The new development concept must be implemented，Promote green production lifestyle，Accelerate the transformation of energy cleaning low carbon transformation。At the same time，Time to review the situation，Bet off for the momentum，Implement more proactive open strategies，Grasp the relationship between energy security and system efficiency，Collaborative guarantee energy security and efficient development，Consolidate the foundation of the construction of modern energy system。
(Source: WeChat public account "China Electricity Industry" author Wang Zhixuan is the deputy chairman of the expert committee of the China Electric Power Enterprise Federation)